It has an area of km². It is bordered to the north and east by Syria to the south by Israel and to the west by the Mediterranean Sea . The relief of Lebanon is in general quite mountainous and can be divided into four large structural units: A narrow coastal strip that is home to major cities such as Beirut Tripoli Byblos Sidon and Tyre as well as other cities and towns. The Lebanon mountain range formed by a limestone mass with numerous gorges and whose maximum height is the Qurnat as Sawda peak with m high also highlighting other peaks such as al-Mounaitra with m in the north; Sannin with m and al-Knaissa with m with many other mountains between and meters. It is a humid territory due to the high rainfall it receives.
The Bekka Valley Depression . It extends along the Litani and Orontes rivers between the Lebanon mountain range to the west and the Anti-Lebanon to the east. Located approximately km east of Beirut the Bekaa Valley is the northernmost end of the CXB Directory Great Rift Valley which stretches from Syria through the Red Sea to Africa . It has a Mediterranean climate with rainy mild winters and hot dry summers. The Anti-Lebanon mountain range which constitutes the natural boundary with Syria. f Most of Lebanon has a reddish-brown soil called terra rossa. Along the coast in the Bekaa Valley and in the northeast there are richer alluvial soils. However erosion is very important and mountainous areas are rocky and barren.
The territory of Lebanon is divided between two Mediterranean forest ecoregions depending on altitude: the Eastern Mediterranean Forest in the low areas and the Southern Anatolian Montane Forest in the highest areas. The rivers generally have a torrential regime; The two most important in the country the Litani River and the Orontes River both have perennial waters and considerable flow although neither is navigable. Lebanon's climate is influenced by two factors: relief and proximity or distance from the sea. There is therefore a coastal climate quite arid and temperate with clearly Mediterranean characteristics a mountain climate and an arid and dry climate further east. In its capital Beirut annual rainfall ranges between and mm and the average temperatures in January and August are . °C and . °C respectively.
發表於 2024-3-14 13:41:57
